Best-Worst Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method: A Review of the Literature

Peykani, P., A. Emrouznejad, and M. Nouri (2026) Best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method: A review of the literature, Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 104: 102345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2025.102345.
[Free Downlaod]

 

 

List of papers cited in this article:

  • Abadi, F., Sahebi, I., Arab, A., Alavi, A., & Karachi, H. (2018). Application of Best-Worst Method in Evaluation of Medical Tourism Development Strategy. Decision Science Letters, 7(1), 77-86.
  • Abdel-Basset, M., Mohamed, R., Sallam, K., & Elhoseny, M. (2020). A Novel Decision-Making Model for Sustainable Supply Chain Finance under Uncertainty Environment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 269, 122324.
  • Abdel-Basset, M., Mohamed, R., Zaied, A. N. H., Gamal, A., & Smarandache, F. (2020). Solving the Supply Chain Problem Using the Best-Worst Method Based on a Novel Plithogenic Model. Optimization Theory Based on Neutrosophic and Plithogenic Sets, 1-19. Academic Press.
  • Aboutorab, H., Saberi, M., Asadabadi, M. R., Hussain, O., & Chang, E. (2018). ZBWM: The Z-Number Extension of Best Worst Method and its Application for Supplier Development. Expert Systems with Applications, 107, 115-125.
  • Afshari, A., Mojahed, M., & Yusuff, R. M. (2010). Simple Additive Weighting Approach to Personnel Selection Problem. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 1(5), 511-515.
  • Agyekum, E. B., Kumar, N. M., Mehmood, U., Panjwani, M. K., Alhelou, H. H., Adebayo, T. S., & Al-Hinai, A. (2021). Decarbonize Russia—A Best–Worst Method Approach for Assessing the Renewable Energy Potentials, Opportunities and Challenges. Energy Reports, 7, 4498-4515.
  • Ahmad, Q. S., Khan, M. F., & Ahmad, N. (2023). A Group Decision-Making Approach in MCDM: An Application of the Multichoice Best–Worst Method. Applied Sciences, 13(12), 6882.
  • Ahmad, W. N. K. W., Rezaei, J., Sadaghiani, S., & Tavasszy, L. A. (2017). Evaluation of the External Forces Affecting the Sustainability of Oil and Gas Supply Chain Using Best Worst Method. Journal of Cleaner Production, 153, 242-252.
  • Ahmadi, H. B., Kusi-Sarpong, S., & Rezaei, J. (2017). Assessing the Social Sustainability of Supply Chains Using Best Worst Method. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 126, 99-106.
  • Alavi, B., Tavana, M., & Mina, H. (2021). A Dynamic Decision Support System for Sustainable Supplier Selection in Circular Economy. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 905-920.
  • Aleksić, A., Milanović, D. D., Komatina, N., & Tadić, D. (2023). Evaluation and Ranking of Failures in Manufacturing Process by Combining Best‐Worst Method and VIKOR under Type‐2 Fuzzy Environment. Expert Systems, 40(2), e13148.
  • Ali, A., & Rashid, T. (2019). Hesitant Fuzzy Best‐Worst Multi‐Criteria Decision‐Making Method and Its Applications. International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 34(8), 1953-1967.
  • Aliabadi, M. M., Mohammadfam, I., Soltanian, A. R., & Najafi, K. (2022). Human Error Probability Determination in Blasting Process of Ore Mine Using a Hybrid of HEART and Best-Worst Methods. Safety and Health at Work, 13(3), 326-335.
  • Alinezhad, A., Khalili, J., Alinezhad, A., & Khalili, J. (2019). DEMATEL Method. New Methods and Applications in Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM), 103-108. Springer Cham.
  • Alkan, R., Yucesan, M., & Gul, M. (2022). A Multi-Attribute Decision-Making to Sustainable Construction Material Selection: A Bayesian BWM-SAW Hybrid Model. Advances in Best-Worst Method: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Best-Worst Method, 67-78. Springer International Publishing.
  • Alsanousi, A. T., Alqahtani, A. Y., Makki, A. A., & Baghdadi, M. A. (2024). A Hybrid MCDM Approach Using the BWM and the TOPSIS for a Financial Performance-Based Evaluation of Saudi Stocks. Information, 15(5), 258.
  • Alvandi, E., Soleimani-Sardo, M., Meshram, S. G., Farid Giglou, B., & Dahmardeh Ghaleno, M. R. (2021). Using Improved TOPSIS and Best Worst Method in Prioritizing Management Scenarios for the Watershed Management in Arid and Semi-Arid Environments. Soft Computing, 25(16), 11363-11375.
  • Amiri, M., Hashemi-Tabatabaei, M., Ghahremanloo, M., Keshavarz-Ghorabaee, M., Zavadskas, E. K., & Kaklauskas, A. (2021). Evaluating Life Cycle of Buildings Using an Integrated Approach Based on Quantitative-Qualitative and Simplified Best-Worst Methods (QQM-SBWM). Sustainability, 13(8), 4487.
  • Amoozad Mahdiraji, H., Arzaghi, S., Stauskis, G., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2018). A Hybrid Fuzzy BWM-COPRAS Method for Analyzing Key Factors of Sustainable Architecture. Sustainability, 10(5), 1626.
  • Anjum, M., Kapur, P. K., Agarwal, V., & Khatri, S. K. (2020). Assessment of Software Vulnerabilities Using Best-Worst Method and Two-Way Analysis. International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences, 5(2), 328.
  • Aruldoss, M., Lakshmi, T. M., & Venkatesan, V. P. (2013). A Survey on Multi Criteria Decision Making Methods and Its Applications. American Journal of Information Systems, 1(1), 31-43.
  • Aryafar, A., & Roshanravan, B. (2021). BWM-SAW: A New Hybrid MCDM Technique for Modeling of Chromite Potential in the Birjand District, East of Iran. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 231, 106876.
  • Asadabadi, M. R., Ahmadi, H. B., Gupta, H., & Liou, J. J. (2023). Supplier Selection to Support Environmental Sustainability: The Stratified BWM TOPSIS Method. Annals of Operations Research, 322(1), 321-344.
  • Asadabadi, M. R., Chang, E., & Saberi, M. (2019). Are MCDM Methods Useful? A Critical Review of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytic Network Process (ANP). Cogent Engineering, 6(1), 1623153.
  • Ataei, Y., Mahmoudi, A., Feylizadeh, M. R., & Li, D. F. (2020). Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) in Multiple Attribute Decision-Making. Applied Soft Computing, 86, 105893.
  • Bahadori, M., Ranjbar, M. H., & Barkhordari Ahmadi, M. (2022). Implementation of Performance-Based Budgeting Using the Combined Technique of Best-Worst Method (BWM) and Robust Optimization. Advances in Mathematical Finance and Applications, 1(1), 263-288.
  • Bahrami, Y., Hassani, H., & Maghsoudi, A. (2022). Spatial Modeling for Mineral Prospectivity Using BWM and COPRAS as a New HMCDM Method. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 15(5), 394.
  • Bai, C., Kusi-Sarpong, S., Ahmadi, H. B., & Sarkis, J. (2019). Social Sustainable Supplier Evaluation and Selection: A Group Decision-Support Approach. International Journal of Production Research, 57(22), 7046-7067.
  • Bai, C., Quayson, M., & Sarkis, J. (2022). Analysis of Blockchain’s Enablers for Improving Sustainable Supply Chain Transparency in Africa Cocoa Industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 358, 131896.
  • Bana E Costa, C. A., & Vansnick, J. C. (1994). MACBETH—An Interactive Path Towards the Construction of Cardinal Value Functions. International Transactions in Operational Research, 1(4), 489-500.
  • Behzadian, M., Kazemzadeh, R. B., Albadvi, A., & Aghdasi, M. (2010). PROMETHEE: A Comprehensive Literature Review on Methodologies and Applications. European Journal of Operational Research, 200(1), 198-215.
  • Behzadian, M., Otaghsara, S. K., Yazdani, M., & Ignatius, J. (2012). A State-of the-Art Survey of TOPSIS Applications. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(17), 13051-13069.
  • Bilbao-Terol, A., Arenas-Parra, M., Quiroga-García, R., & Bilbao-Terol, C. (2022). An Extended Best–Worst Multiple Reference Point Method: Application in the Assessment of Non-Life Insurance Companies. Operational Research, 22(5), 5323-5362.
  • Bitarafan, M., Hosseini, K. A., & Zolfani, S. H. (2023). Identification and Assessment of Man-Made Threats to Cities Using Integrated Grey BWM-Grey MARCOS Method. Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering, 6(2), 581-599.
  • Bonab, S. R., Haseli, G., Rajabzadeh, H., Ghoushchi, S. J., Hajiaghaei-Keshteli, M., & Tomaskova, H. (2023). Sustainable Resilient Supplier Selection for IoT Implementation Based on the Integrated BWM and TRUST under Spherical Fuzzy Sets. Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering, 6(1), 153-185.
  • Brunelli, M., & Rezaei, J. (2019). A Multiplicative Best–Worst Method for Multi-Criteria Decision Making. Operations Research Letters, 47(1), 12-15.
  • Cavallo, B., & Ishizaka, A. (2025). A Comparative Study on Precision of Direct Evaluations, the Pairwise Comparisons Method and the Best-Worst Method. Omega, 130, 103175.
  • Celik, E., & Gul, M. (2021). Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Control for Dam Construction Safety Using an Integrated BWM and MARCOS Approach under Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets Environment. Automation in Construction, 127, 103699.
  • Celik, E., Yucesan, M., & Gul, M. (2021). Green Supplier Selection for Textile Industry: A Case Study Using BWM-TODIM Integration under Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(45), 64793-64817.
  • Çelikbilek, Y., & Tüysüz, F. (2020). An in-Depth Review of Theory of the TOPSIS Method: An Experimental Analysis. Journal of Management Analytics, 7(2), 281-300.
  • Chakraborty, S., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2014). Applications of WASPAS Method in Manufacturing Decision Making. Informatica, 25(1), 1-20.
  • Chakraborty, S., Chatterjee, P., & Das, P. P. (2023). Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) Method. Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods in Manufacturing Environments, 171-181. Apple Academic Press.
  • Chakraborty, S., Chatterjee, P., & Das, P. P. (2023). Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) Method. Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods in Manufacturing Environments, 147-155. Apple Academic Press.
  • Chakraborty, S., Chatterjee, P., & Das, P. P. (2023). Tomada De Decisao Interativa Multicriterio (TODIM) Method. Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods in Manufacturing Environments, 221-230. Apple Academic Press.
  • Chakraborty, S., Datta, H. N., Kalita, K., & Chakraborty, S. (2023). A Narrative Review of Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) Method in Decision Making. Opsearch, 60(4), 1844-1887.
  • Chang, T. W., Lo, H. W., Chen, K. Y., & Liou, J. J. (2019). A Novel FMEA Model Based on Rough BWM and Rough TOPSIS-AL for Risk Assessment. Mathematics, 7(10), 874.
  • Chao, X., Liu, J., Ma, Z., Tu, Y., & Lev, B. (2024). Security Assessment and Diagnosis for Industrial Water Resources Using TODIMSort Considering Best–Worst Method with Double Hierarchy Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Term Set. Environmental Research, 259, 119539.
  • Chatterjee, P., Athawale, V. M., & Chakraborty, S. (2011). Materials Selection Using Complex Proportional Assessment and Evaluation of Mixed Data Methods. Materials & Design, 32(2), 851-860.
  • Chen, Y., Jin, Q., Fang, H., Lei, H., Hu, J., Wu, Y., Chen, J., Wang, C., & Wan, Y. (2019). Analytic Network Process: Academic Insights and Perspectives Analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 235, 1276-1294.
  • Chen, Z. H., Wu, D. F., Luo, W., & Cheng, X. J. (2024). A Hybrid Heterogeneous Framework for Medical Waste Disposal Evaluation by Fusing Group BWM and Regret-Rejoice MABAC. Expert Systems with Applications, 249, 123514.
  • Chen, Z., Ming, X., Zhou, T., Chang, Y., & Sun, Z. (2020). A Hybrid Framework Integrating Rough-Fuzzy Best-Worst Method to Identify and Evaluate User Activity-Oriented Service Requirement for Smart Product Service System. Journal of Cleaner Production, 253, 119954.
  • Cheng, X., & Chen, C. (2024). Decision Making with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Best-Worst Method. Expert Systems with Applications, 237, 121215.
  • Cheraghalipour, A., & Farsad, S. (2018). A Bi-Objective Sustainable Supplier Selection and order Allocation Considering Quantity Discounts under Disruption Risks: A Case Study in Plastic Industry. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 118, 237-250.
  • Chowdhury, M. M. H., & Haque Munim, Z. (2023). Dry Port Location Selection Using a Fuzzy AHP-BWM-PROMETHEE Approach. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 25(2), 301-329.
  • Corrente, S., Greco, S., & Rezaei, J. (2024). Better Decisions with Less Cognitive Load: The Parsimonious BWM. Omega, 126, 103075.
  • Darko, A. P., & Liang, D. (2020). Some Q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Hamacher Aggregation Operators and Their Application to Multiple Attribute Group Decision Making with Modified EDAS Method. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 87, 103259.
  • Debnath, K., Debnath, P., Choudhury, S., Saha, A. K., & Majumdar, A. (2024). A Framework of Trapezoidal Fuzzy Best-Worst Method in Location Selection for Surface Water Treatment Plant. Pollution, 10(1), 1-16.
  • Dehshiri, S. J. H., Emamat, M. S. M. M., & Amiri, M. (2022). A Novel Group BWM Approach to Evaluate the Implementation Criteria of Blockchain Technology in the Automotive Industry Supply Chain. Expert Systems with Applications, 198, 116826.
  • Demir, G., Chatterjee, P., Zakeri, S., & Pamucar, D. (2024). Mapping the Evolution of Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison Method: A Bibliometric Analysis. Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering, 7(1), 290-314.
  • Deveci, M., Özcan, E., John, R., Pamucar, D., & Karaman, H. (2021). Offshore Wind Farm Site Selection Using Interval Rough Numbers Based Best-Worst Method and MARCOS. Applied Soft Computing, 109, 107532.
  • Dong, J. Y., & Wan, S. P. (2024). Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Best-Worst Method with Additive Consistency. Expert Systems with Applications, 236, 121213.
  • Dong, J., Wan, S., & Chen, S. M. (2021). Fuzzy Best-Worst Method Based on Triangular Fuzzy Numbers for Multi-Criteria Decision-Making. Information Sciences, 547, 1080-1104.
  • Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to Conduct a Bibliometric Analysis: An Overview and Guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285-296.
  • Durucasu, H., Aytekin, A., Saraç, B., & Orakçı, E. (2017). Current Application Fields of ELECTRE and PROMETHEE: A Literature Review. Alphanumeric Journal, 5(2), 229-270.
  • Dwivedi, R., Prasad, K., Mandal, N., Singh, S., Vardhan, M., & Pamucar, D. (2021). Performance Evaluation of an Insurance Company Using an Integrated Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and Best-Worst Method (BWM). Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering, 4(1), 33-50.
  • Ecer, F., & Pamucar, D. (2020). Sustainable Supplier Selection: A Novel Integrated Fuzzy Best Worst Method (F-BWM) and Fuzzy CoCoSo with Bonferroni (CoCoSo’B) Multi-Criteria Model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 266, 121981.
  • Ecer, F., Murat, T., Dinçer, H., & Yüksel, S. (2024). A Fuzzy BWM and MARCOS Integrated Framework with Heronian Function for Evaluating Cryptocurrency Exchanges: A Case Study of Türkiye. Financial Innovation, 10(1), 31.
  • Elkadeem, M. R., Younes, A., Sharshir, S. W., Campana, P. E., & Wang, S. (2021). Sustainable Siting and Design Optimization of Hybrid Renewable Energy System: A Geospatial Multi-Criteria Analysis. Applied Energy, 295, 117071.
  • Ellegaard, O., & Wallin, J. A. (2015). The Bibliometric Analysis of Scholarly Production: How Great is the Impact?. Scientometrics, 105, 1809-1831.
  • Emamat, M. S. M. M., Amiri, M., Mehregan, M. R., & Taghavifard, M. T. (2023). A Novel Hybrid Simplified Group BWM and Multi-Criteria Sorting Approach for Stock Portfolio Selection. Expert Systems with Applications, 215, 119332.
  • Emrouznejad, A., & Marra, M. (2017). The State of the Art Development of AHP (1979–2017): A Literature Review with a Social Network Analysis. International Journal of Production Research, 55(22), 6653-6675.
  • Emrouznejad, A., & Yang, G. L. (2018). A Survey and Analysis of the First 40 Years of Scholarly Literature in DEA: 1978–2016. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 61, 4-8.
  • Erden, C., Ateş, Ç., & Esen, S. (2024). Distribution Center Location Selection in Humanitarian Logistics Using Hybrid BWM–ARAS: A Case Study in Türkiye. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 21(3), 383-415.
  • Everest, T., Savaşkan, G. S., Or, A., & Özcan, H. (2024). Suitable Site Selection by Using Full Consistency Method (FUCOM): A Case Study for Maize Cultivation in Northwest Turkey. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26(1), 1831-1850.
  • Everest, T., Sungur, A., & Özcan, H. (2022). Applying the Best–Worst Method for Land Evaluation: A Case Study for Paddy Cultivation in Northwest Turkey. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 19(4), 3233-3246.
  • Fan, J. P., Guo, Z. W., & Wu, M. Q. (2020). An Improvement of DEA Cross-Efficiency Aggregation Based on BWM-TOPSIS. IEEE Access, 8, 37334-37342.
  • Fan, J., Wang, M., & Wu, M. (2023). A Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Framework of EWM-BWM-TODIM Based on Linguistic Pythagorean Fuzzy Environment. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 45(5), 7205-7220.
  • Faraji, A., Rashidi, M., Khadir, P., & Perera, S. (2021). A Risk Analysis‐Best Worst Method Based Model for Selection of the Most Appropriate Contract Strategy for Onshore Drilling Projects in the Iranian Petroleum Industry. Buildings, 11(3), 97.
  • Fard, M. B., Moradian, P., Emarati, M., Ebadi, M., Chofreh, A. G., & Klemeŝ, J. J. (2022). Ground-Mounted Photovoltaic Power Station Site Selection and Economic Analysis Based on a Hybrid Fuzzy Best-Worst Method and Geographic Information System: A Case Study Guilan Province. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 169, 112923.
  • Fazeli, H. R., & Peng, Q. (2023). Integrated Approaches of BWM-QFD and FUCOM-QFD for Improving Weighting Solution of Design Matrix. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 34(3), 1003-1020.
  • Ferreira, F. A., & Santos, S. P. (2021). Two Decades on the MACBETH Approach: A Bibliometric Analysis. Annals of Operations Research, 296, 901-925.
  • Ferreira, F. A., Ilander, G. O. P. B., & Ferreira, J. J. (2019). MCDM/A in Practice: Methodological Developments and Real-World Applications. Management Decision, 57(2), 295-299.
  • Figueira, J. R., Greco, S., Roy, B., & Słowiński, R. (2013). An Overview of ELECTRE Methods and Their Recent Extensions. Journal of Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis, 20(1-2), 61-85.
  • Firoozzare, A., Saghaian, S., Bahraseman, S. E., & Dehghani Dashtabi, M. (2023). Identifying the Best Strategies for Improving and Developing Sustainable Rain-Fed Agriculture: An Integrated SWOT-BWM-WASPAS Approach. Agriculture, 13(6), 1215.
  • Foroozesh, F., Monavari, S. M., Salmanmahiny, A., Robati, M., & Rahimi, R. (2022). Assessment of Sustainable Urban Development Based on a Hybrid Decision-Making Approach: Group Fuzzy BWM, AHP, and TOPSIS–GIS. Sustainable Cities and Society, 76, 103402.
  • Forson, E. D., Kwayisi, D., Kazapoe, R. W., Ntori, C., Adjei, S. K., Mahamuda, A., Suleman, S., Ameyoe, P., & Amedzro, K. Y. (2024). Application of a Hybrid BWM-TOPSIS Approach for Mineral Potential Mapping. Heliyon, 10(11), e31743.
  • Gao, F., Han, M., Wang, S., & Gao, J. (2024). A Novel Fermatean Fuzzy BWM-VIKOR Based Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Selecting Health Care Waste Treatment Technology. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 127, 107451.
  • Ghalih, M., & Chang, C. H. (2024). Effective Communication Strategies for Marketing Halal Products in Taiwan Using the Best Worst Method (BWM). Metacommunication; Journal of Communication Studies, 9(2), 130-142.
  • Ghoushchi, S. J., Yousefi, S., & Khazaeili, M. (2019). An Extended FMEA Approach Based on the Z-MOORA and Fuzzy BWM for Prioritization of Failures. Applied Soft Computing, 81, 105505.
  • Glaize, A., Duenas, A., Di Martinelly, C., & Fagnot, I. (2019). Healthcare Decision‐Making Applications Using Multicriteria Decision Analysis: A Scoping Review. Journal of Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis, 26(1-2), 62-83.
  • Goldani, N., Kazemi, M., Naji-Azimi, Z., & Alidadi, H. (2023). An Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Best-Worst Method and Likelihood-Based Multi-Criteria Method in Group Decision-Making. Applied Soft Computing, 148, 110856.
  • Govindan, K., & Jepsen, M. B. (2016). ELECTRE: A Comprehensive Literature Review on Methodologies and Applications. European Journal of Operational Research, 250(1), 1-29.
  • Govindan, K., Aditi, Kaul, A., Darbari, J. D., & Jha, P. C. (2023). Analysis of Supplier Evaluation and Selection Strategies for Sustainable Collaboration: A Combined Approach of Best–Worst Method and Tomada De Decisao Interativa Multicriterio. Business Strategy and the Environment, 32(7), 4426-4447.
  • Govindan, K., Nasr, A. K., Karimi, F., & Mina, H. (2022). Circular Economy Adoption Barriers: An Extended Fuzzy Best–Worst Method Using Fuzzy DEMATEL and Supermatrix Structure. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(4), 1566-1586.
  • Govindan, K., Shankar, K. M., & Kannan, D. (2020). Achieving Sustainable Development Goals through Identifying and Analyzing Barriers to Industrial Sharing Economy: A Framework Development. International Journal of Production Economics, 227, 107575.
  • Gul, M., & Yucesan, M. (2022). Performance Evaluation of Turkish Universities by an Integrated Bayesian BWM-TOPSIS Model. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 80, 101173.
  • Gul, M., Celik, E., Aydin, N., Gumus, A. T., & Guneri, A. F. (2016). A State of the Art Literature Review of VIKOR and Its Fuzzy Extensions on Applications. Applied Soft Computing, 46, 60-89.
  • Guo, S., & Zhao, H. (2017). Fuzzy Best-Worst Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method and Its Applications. Knowledge-Based Systems, 121, 23-31.
  • Guo, X., & Chen, L. (2023). DEA-BWM Cross Efficiency Target Setting with Preferences. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 183, 109525.
  • Gupta, H. (2018). Assessing Organizations Performance on the Basis of GHRM Practices Using BWM and Fuzzy TOPSIS. Journal of Environmental Management, 226, 201-216.
  • Gupta, H. (2018). Evaluating Service Quality of Airline Industry Using Hybrid Best Worst Method and VIKOR. Journal of Air Transport Management, 68, 35-47.
  • Gupta, H., & Barua, M. K. (2016). Identifying Enablers of Technological Innovation for Indian MSMEs Using Best–Worst Multi Criteria Decision Making Method. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 107, 69-79.
  • Gupta, H., & Barua, M. K. (2017). Supplier Selection Among SMEs on the Basis of Their Green Innovation Ability Using BWM and Fuzzy TOPSIS. Journal of Cleaner Production, 152, 242-258.
  • Gupta, H., & Barua, M. K. (2018). A Framework to Overcome Barriers to Green Innovation in SMEs Using BWM and Fuzzy TOPSIS. Science of the Total Environment, 633, 122-139.
  • Gupta, H., Kumar, A., & Wasan, P. (2021). Industry 4.0, Cleaner Production and circular Economy: An Integrative Framework for Evaluating Ethical and Sustainable Business Performance of Manufacturing Organizations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 295, 126253.
  • Gupta, H., Kusi-Sarpong, S., & Rezaei, J. (2020). Barriers and overcoming strategies to Supply Chain Sustainability Innovation. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 161, 104819.
  • Gupta, P., Anand, S., & Gupta, H. (2017). Developing a Roadmap to Overcome Barriers to Energy Efficiency in Buildings Using Best Worst Method. Sustainable Cities and Society, 31, 244-259.
  • Haeri, S. A. S., & Rezaei, J. (2019). A Grey-Based Green Supplier Selection Model for Uncertain Environments. Journal of Cleaner Production, 221, 768-784.
  • Hafezalkotob, A., & Hafezalkotob, A. (2017). A Novel Approach for Combination of Individual and Group Decisions Based on Fuzzy Best-Worst Method. Applied Soft Computing, 59, 316-325.
  • Hafezalkotob, A., Hafezalkotob, A., Liao, H., & Herrera, F. (2019). Interval MULTIMOORA Method Integrating Interval Borda Rule and Interval Best–Worst-Method-Based Weighting Model: Case Study on Hybrid Vehicle Engine Selection. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 50(3), 1157-1169.
  • Haqbin, A., Shojaei, P., & Radmanesh, S. (2022). Prioritising COVID-19 Recovery Solutions for Tourism Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Rough Best-Worst Method Approach. Journal of Decision Systems, 31(1-2), 102-115.
  • Hasan, M. G., Ashraf, Z., & Khan, M. F. (2022). Multi‐Choice Best‐Worst Multi‐Criteria Decision‐Making Method and Its Applications. International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 37(2), 1129-1156.
  • Haseli, G., Sheikh, R., Ghoushchi, S. J., Hajiaghaei-Keshteli, M., Moslem, S., Deveci, M., & Kadry, S. (2024). An Extension of the Best–Worst Method Based on the Spherical Fuzzy Sets for Multi-Criteria Decision-Making. Granular Computing, 9(2), 40.
  • Haseli, G., Sheikh, R., Wang, J., Tomaskova, H., & Tirkolaee, E. B. (2021). A Novel Approach for Group Decision Making Based on the Best–Worst Method (G-BWM): Application to Supply Chain Management. Mathematics, 9(16), 1881.
  • Hashemkhani Zolfani, S., Yazdani, M., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2018). An Extended Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) Method for Improving Criteria Prioritization Process. Soft Computing, 22, 7399-7405.
  • Hwang, C. L., & Masud, A. S. M. (2012). Multiple Objective Decision Making—Methods and Applications: A State-of-the-Art Survey. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Ishak, A., & Akmaliah, V. (2019). Analytical Hierarchy Process and PROMETHEE as Decision Making Tool: A Review. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 505(1), 012085. IOP Publishing.
  • Ishizaka, A., & Resce, G. (2021). Best-Worst PROMETHEE Method for Evaluating School Performance in the OECD’s PISA Project. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 73, 100799.
  • Javad, M. O. M., Darvishi, M., & Javad, A. O. M. (2020). Green Supplier Selection for the Steel Industry Using BWM and Fuzzy TOPSIS: A Case Study of Khouzestan Steel Company. Sustainable Futures, 2, 100012.
  • Joshi, K. P., & Lohiya, N. (2017). Improved Seating Plans for Movie Theatre to Improve Revenue: An Integrated Best Worst Method with EMSR-B. Handbook of Research on Intelligent Techniques and Modeling Applications in Marketing Analytics, 149-158. IGI Global.
  • Kaliszewski, I., & Podkopaev, D. (2016). Simple Additive Weighting—A Metamodel for Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis Methods. Expert Systems with Applications, 54, 155-161.
  • Kannan, D., Mina, H., Nosrati-Abarghooee, S., & Khosrojerdi, G. (2020). Sustainable Circular Supplier Selection: A Novel Hybrid Approach. Science of the Total Environment, 722, 137936.
  • Kannan, D., Moazzeni, S., Mostafayi Darmian, S., & Afrasiabi, A. (2021). A Hybrid Approach Based on MCDM Methods and Monte Carlo Simulation for Sustainable Evaluation of Potential Solar Sites in East of Iran. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, 122368.
  • Karakuş, C. B. (2023). Groundwater Potential Assessment Based on GIS-Based Best–Worst Method (BWM) and Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) Method. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(11), 31851-31880.
  • Karmaker, C. L., Bari, A. M., Anam, M. Z., Ahmed, T., Ali, S. M., De Jesus Pacheco, D. A., & Moktadir, M. A. (2023). Industry 5.0 Challenges for Post-Pandemic Supply Chain Sustainability in an Emerging Economy. International Journal of Production Economics, 258, 108806.
  • Karuppiah, K., Sankaranarayanan, B., & Ali, S. M. (2023). Evaluating the Challenges to Life Cycle Assessment Using Best‐Worst Method and Decision‐Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 42(1), e13991.
  • Kavus, B. Y., Ayyildiz, E., Tas, P. G., & Taskin, A. (2023). A Hybrid Bayesian BWM and Pythagorean Fuzzy WASPAS-Based Decision-Making Framework for Parcel Locker Location Selection Problem. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 90006-90023.
  • Kazemitash, N., Fazlollahtabar, H., & Abbaspour, M. (2021). Rough Best-Worst Method for Supplier Selection in Biofuel Companies Based on Green Criteria. Operational Research in Engineering Sciences: Theory and Applications, 4(2), 1-12.
  • Keršuliene, V., Zavadskas, E. K., & Turskis, Z. (2010). Selection of Rational Dispute Resolution Method by Applying New Step‐Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA). Journal of Business Economics and Management, 11(2), 243-258.
  • Khalili Nasr, A., Tavana, M., Alavi, B., & Mina, H. (2021). A Novel Fuzzy Multi-Objective Circular Supplier Selection and Order Allocation Model for Sustainable Closed-Loop Supply Chains. Journal of Cleaner Production, 287, 124994.
  • Khan, S. A., Kusi-Sarpong, S., Naim, I., Ahmadi, H. B., & Oyedijo, A. (2022). A Best-Worst-Method-Based Performance Evaluation Framework for Manufacturing Industry. Kybernetes, 51(10), 2938-2963.
  • Khanmohammadi, E., Azizi, M., Talaie, H., Ecer, F., & Tirkolaee, E. B. (2024). A Novel Hybrid Decision-Making Framework Based on Modified Fuzzy Analytic Network Process and Fuzzy Best–Worst Method. Operational Research, 24(4), 54.
  • Khanmohammadi, E., Talaie, H., & Azizi, M. (2023). A Healthcare Service Quality Assessment Model Using a Fuzzy Best–Worst Method with Application to Hospitals with in-Patient Services. Healthcare Analytics, 4, 100241.
  • Kheybari, S., Javdanmehr, M., Rezaie, F. M., & Rezaei, J. (2021). Corn Cultivation Location Selection for Bioethanol Production: An Application of BWM and Extended PROMETHEE II. Energy, 228, 120593.
  • Kheybari, S., Kazemi, M., & Rezaei, J. (2019). Bioethanol Facility Location Selection Using Best-Worst Method. Applied Energy, 242, 612-623.
  • Kheybari, S., Rezaie, F. M., & Farazmand, H. (2020). Analytic Network Process: An Overview of Applications. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 367, 124780.
  • Khorram Niaki, M., Torabi, S. A., & Nonino, F. (2019). Why Manufacturers Adopt Additive Manufacturing Technologies: The Role of Sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 222, 381-392.
  • Kiptum, C. K., Bouraima, M. B., Ibrahim, B., Oloketuyi, E. A., Makinde, O. O., & Qiu, Y. (2024). Implementation of Effective Supply Chain Management Practice in the National Oil Corporation in Developing Country: An Integrated BWM-AROMAN Approach. Decision Making Advances, 2(1), 199-212.
  • Koohathongsumrit, N., & Luangpaiboon, P. (2024). Strategic Marketing Information System Planning: An Integrated BWM–ELECTRE Approach. Group Decision and Negotiation, 33(2), 267-289.
  • Kouaissah, N., & Hocine, A. (2023). XOR-Best Worst Method and Its Assessment to COVID-19 Sectorial Impact. Annals of Operations Research, 1-24.
  • Krstić, M., Tadić, S., Miglietta, P. P., & Porrini, D. (2025). Biodiversity Protection Practices in Supply Chain Management: A Novel Hybrid Grey Best–Worst Method/Axial Distance-Based Aggregated Measurement Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model. Applied Sciences, 15(3), 1354.
  • Kulkarni, A. J. (2022). Multiple Criteria Decision Making: Techniques, Analysis and Applications. Springer Singapore.
  • Kumar, A., Aswin, A., & Gupta, H. (2020). Evaluating Green Performance of the Airports Using Hybrid BWM and VIKOR Methodology. Tourism Management, 76, 103941.
  • Kumar, A., Mangla, S. K., Kumar, P., & Song, M. (2021). Mitigate Risks in Perishable Food Supply Chains: Learning from COVID-19. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 166, 120643.
  • Kumar, A., Mangla, S. K., Luthra, S., & Ishizaka, A. (2019). Evaluating the Human Resource Related Soft Dimensions in Green Supply Chain Management Implementation. Production Planning & Control, 30(9), 699-715.
  • Kumar, A., Nadeem, M., & Shameem, M. (2024). Multicriteria Decision‐Making–Based Framework for Implementing DevOps Practices: A Fuzzy Best–Worst Approach. Journal of Software: Evolution and Process, 36(6), e2631.
  • Kumar, G., Bhujel, R. C., Aggarwal, A., Gupta, D., Yadav, A., & Asjad, M. (2023). Analyzing the Barriers for Aquaponics Adoption Using Integrated BWM and Fuzzy DEMATEL Approach in Indian Context. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(16), 47800-47821.
  • Kumar, N., Tyagi, M., & Sachdeva, A. (2022). Estimation of Best Possible Solutions for Environmental Trade-Offs in Cold Supply Chain Using BWM Based ELECTRE-I Approach. International Journal of Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage, 14(1), 152-169.
  • Kumar, P., Singh, R. K., Paul, J., & Sinha, O. (2021). Analyzing Challenges for Sustainable Supply Chain of Electric Vehicle Batteries Using a Hybrid Approach of Delphi and Best-Worst Method. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 175, 105879.
  • Kumar, R. (2025). A Comprehensive Review of MCDM Methods, Applications, and Emerging Trends. Decision Making Advances, 3(1), 185-199.
  • Kusi-Sarpong, S., Gupta, H., & Sarkis, J. (2019). A Supply Chain Sustainability Innovation Framework and Evaluation Methodology. International Journal of Production Research, 57(7), 1990-2008.
  • Lahri, V., Shaw, K., & Ishizaka, A. (2021). Sustainable Supply Chain Network Design Problem: Using the Integrated BWM, TOPSIS, Possibilistic Programming, and ε-Constrained Methods. Expert Systems with Applications, 168, 114373.
  • Li, H., & Yazdi, M. (2022). Advanced Decision-Making Neutrosophic Fuzzy Evidence-Based Best–Worst Method. Advanced Decision-Making Methods and Applications in System Safety and Reliability Problems: Approaches, Case Studies, Multi-criteria Decision-Making, Multi-objective Decision-Making, Fuzzy Risk-Based Models, 153-184. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Li, J., Niu, L. L., Chen, Q., & Wang, Z. X. (2021). Approaches for Multicriteria Decision-Making Based on the Hesitant Fuzzy Best–Worst Method. Complex & Intelligent Systems, 7(5), 2617-2634.
  • Li, S. M., Chan, F. T., Tsang, Y. P., & Lam, H. Y. (2021). New Product Idea Selection in the Fuzzy Front End of Innovation: A Fuzzy Best-Worst Method and Group Decision-Making Process. Mathematics, 9(4), 337.
  • Li, Y., Tsang, Y. P., Lee, C. K. M., & Chen, Z. S. (2024). A Survey of Fuzzy Best-Worst Group Decision Making Process towards Human Centricity. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 32(6), 3302-3318.
  • Liang, F. (2021). Best-Worst Method: Inconsistency, Uncertainty, Consensus, and Range Sensitivity. Doctoral dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands.
  • Liang, F., Brunelli, M., & Rezaei, J. (2020). Consistency Issues in the Best Worst Method: Measurements and Thresholds. Omega, 96, 102175.
  • Liang, F., Brunelli, M., Septian, K., & Rezaei, J. (2021). Belief-Based Best Worst Method. International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 20(01), 287-320.
  • Liang, X., Chen, T., Ye, M., Lin, H., & Li, Z. (2021). A Hybrid Fuzzy BWM-VIKOR MCDM to Evaluate the Service Level of Bike-Sharing Companies: A Case Study from Chengdu, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 298, 126759.
  • Liao, H., Mi, X., Yu, Q., & Luo, L. (2019). Hospital Performance Evaluation by a Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Best Worst Method with Inconsistency Repairing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 232, 657-671.
  • Liao, H., Wen, Z., & Liu, L. (2019). Integrating BWM and ARAS under Hesitant Linguistic Environment for Digital Supply Chain Finance Supplier Section. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 25(6), 1188-1212.
  • Lin, M., Huang, C., Xu, Z., & Chen, R. (2020). Evaluating IoT Platforms Using Integrated Probabilistic Linguistic MCDM Method. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 7(11), 11195-11208.
  • Liu, H. C., Quan, M. Y., Li, Z., & Wang, Z. L. (2019). A New Integrated MCDM Model for Sustainable Supplier Selection under Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Uncertain Linguistic Environment. Information Sciences, 486, 254-270.
  • Liu, P. C., Lo, H. W., & Liou, J. J. (2020). A Combination of DEMATEL and BWM-Based ANP Methods for Exploring the Green Building Rating System in Taiwan. Sustainability, 12(8), 3216.
  • Liu, P., Zhu, B., & Wang, P. (2021). A Weighting Model Based on Best–Worst Method and Its Application for Environmental Performance Evaluation. Applied Soft Computing, 103, 107168.
  • Liu, P., Zhu, B., Seiti, H., & Yang, L. (2021). Risk-Based Decision Framework Based on R-Numbers and Best-Worst Method and Its Application to Research and Development Project Selection. Information Sciences, 571, 303-322.
  • Liu, Q., Fu, Q., & Liu, X. (2024). Evaluating Prototype Design Criteria for Human-Computer Interface Using Intuitionistic Fuzzy Z-Numbers Based Best-Worst Method. International Conference on Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, 486-496. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
  • Liu, Z., Li, L., Zhao, X., Sha, L., Wang, D., Wang, X., & Liu, P. (2020). Selecting the Optimal Green Agricultural Products Supplier: A Novel Approach Based on GBWM and PROMETHEE II. Sustainability, 12(17), 6703.
  • Llamazares, B. (2018). An Analysis of the Generalized TODIM Method. European Journal of Operational Research, 269(3), 1041-1049.
  • Lo, H. W., & Liou, J. J. (2018). A Novel Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making-Based FMEA Model for Risk Assessment. Applied Soft Computing, 73, 684-696.
  • Lo, H. W., Liou, J. J., Huang, C. N., & Chuang, Y. C. (2019). A Novel Failure Mode and Effect Analysis Model for Machine Tool Risk Analysis. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 183, 173-183.
  • Lo, H. W., Liou, J. J., Wang, H. S., & Tsai, Y. S. (2018). An Integrated Model for Solving Problems in Green Supplier Selection and Order Allocation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 190, 339-352.
  • Luo, S. Z., & Xing, L. N. (2019). A Hybrid Decision Making Framework for Personnel Selection Using BWM, MABAC and PROMETHEE. International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, 21(8), 2421-2434.
  • Ma, J., Wiegmans, B., Wang, X., Yang, K., & Jiang, L. (2023). A Hybrid DEMATEL and Bayesian Best–Worst Method Approach for Inland Port Development Evaluation. Axioms, 12(12), 1116.
  • Ma, W., Li, X., & Wang, X. (2021). Water Saving Management Contract, Identification and Ranking of Risks Based on Life Cycle and Best-Worst Method. Journal of Cleaner Production, 306, 127153.
  • Ma, Y., Xu, W., Wang, X., Li, Z., & Lev, B. (2021). Evaluate the Locations for Smart Waste Bins Using BWM and WASPAS Methods under a Probabilistic Linguistic Environment. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 41(6), 7199-7218.
  • Mahmoudi, A., Mi, X., Liao, H., Feylizadeh, M. R., & Turskis, Z. (2020). Grey Best-Worst Method for Multiple Experts Multiple Criteria Decision Making under Uncertainty. Informatica, 31(2), 331-357.
  • Majumder, P., Paul, A., Saha, P., Majumder, M., Baidya, D., & Saha, D. (2023). Trapezoidal Fuzzy BWM-TOPSIS Approach and Application on Water Resources. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(3), 2648-2669.
  • Malek, J., & Desai, T. N. (2019). Prioritization of Sustainable Manufacturing Barriers Using Best Worst Method. Journal of Cleaner Production, 226, 589-600.
  • Mardani, A., Nilashi, M., Zakuan, N., Loganathan, N., Soheilirad, S., Saman, M. Z. M., & Ibrahim, O. (2017). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of SWARA and WASPAS Methods: Theory and Applications with Recent Fuzzy Developments. Applied Soft Computing, 57, 265-292.
  • Mardani, A., Nilashi, M., Zakuan, N., Loganathan, N., Soheilirad, S., Saman, M. Z. M., & Ibrahim, O. (2017). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of SWARA and WASPAS Methods: Theory and Applications with Recent Fuzzy Developments. Applied Soft Computing, 57, 265-292.
  • Mardani, A., Zavadskas, E. K., Govindan, K., Amat Senin, A., & Jusoh, A. (2016). VIKOR Technique: A Systematic Review of the State of the Art Literature on Methodologies and Applications. Sustainability, 8(1), 37.
  • Masoomi, B., Sahebi, I. G., Fathi, M., Yıldırım, F., & Ghorbani, S. (2022). Strategic Supplier Selection for Renewable Energy Supply Chain under Green Capabilities (Fuzzy BWM-WASPAS-COPRAS Approach). Energy Strategy Reviews, 40, 100815.
  • Masudin, I., Zuliana, P. E., Utama, D. M., & Restuputri, D. P. (2024). Assessment and Risk Mitigation on Halal Meat Supply Chain Using Fuzzy Best-Worst Method (BWM) and Risk Mitigation Number (RMN). Journal of Islamic Marketing, 15(3), 842-865.
  • Mergoni, A., Emrouznejad, A., & De Witte, K. (2025). Fifty Years of Data Envelopment Analysis. European Journal of Operational Research, 326(3), 389-412.
  • Mi, X., Tang, M., Liao, H., Shen, W., & Lev, B. (2019). The State-of-the-Art Survey on Integrations and Applications of the Best Worst Method in Decision Making: Why, What, What for and What’s Next?. Omega, 87, 205-225.
  • Mohammadi, M., & Rezaei, J. (2020). Bayesian Best-Worst Method: A Probabilistic Group Decision Making Model. Omega, 96, 102075.
  • Moktadir, M. A., Ahmadi, H. B., Sultana, R., Liou, J. J., & Rezaei, J. (2020). Circular Economy Practices in the Leather Industry: A Practical Step Towards Sustainable Development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 251, 119737.
  • Moktadir, M. A., Ali, S. M., Kusi-Sarpong, S., & Shaikh, M. A. A. (2018). Assessing Challenges for Implementing Industry 4.0: Implications for Process Safety and Environmental Protection. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 117, 730-741.
  • Moktadir, M. A., Dwivedi, A., Khan, N. S., Paul, S. K., Khan, S. A., Ahmed, S., & Sultana, R. (2021). Analysis of Risk Factors in Sustainable Supply Chain Management in an Emerging Economy of Leather Industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 283, 124641.
  • Moktadir, M. A., Kumar, A., Ali, S. M., Paul, S. K., Sultana, R., & Rezaei, J. (2020). Critical Success Factors for a Circular Economy: Implications for Business Strategy and the Environment. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(8), 3611-3635.
  • Moslem, S. (2025). Evaluating Commuters’ Travel Mode Choice Using the Z-Number Extension of Parsimonious Best Worst Method. Applied Soft Computing, 173, 112918.
  • Moslem, S., Campisi, T., Szmelter-Jarosz, A., Duleba, S., Nahiduzzaman, K. M., & Tesoriere, G. (2020). Best–Worst Method for Modelling Mobility Choice after COVID-19: Evidence from Italy. Sustainability, 12(17), 6824.
  • Moslem, S., Gul, M., Farooq, D., Celik, E., Ghorbanzadeh, O., & Blaschke, T. (2020). An Integrated Approach of Best-Worst Method (BWM) and Triangular Fuzzy Sets for Evaluating Driver Behavior Factors Related to Road Safety. Mathematics, 8(3), 414.
  • Mostafaeipour, A., Alvandimanesh, M., Najafi, F., & Issakhov, A. (2021). Identifying Challenges and Barriers for Development of Solar Energy by Using Fuzzy Best-Worst Method: A Case Study. Energy, 226, 120355.
  • Mota, V. R. R., Gomes, C. F. S., de Lima Silva, D. F., & Dos Santos, M. (2024). The Novel Hybrid Multiple Criteria Decision Method BWM-Moora-N Applied for Investment Funds Prioritization. Operational Research, 24(3), 36.
  • Mou, Q., Xu, Z., & Liao, H. (2016). An Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multiplicative Best-Worst Method for Multi-Criteria Group Decision Making. Information Sciences, 374, 224-239.
  • Mousavi-Nasab, S. H., & Sotoudeh-Anvari, A. (2020). An Extension of Best-Worst Method with D Numbers: Application in Evaluation of Renewable Energy Resources. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 40, 100771.
  • Muhammad Muneeb, F., Yazdi, A. K., Wanke, P., Yiyin, C., & Chughtai, M. (2020). Critical Success Factors for Sustainable Entrepreneurship in Pakistani Telecommunications Industry: A Hybrid Grey Systems Theory/Best-Worst Method Approach. Management Decision, 58(11), 2565-2591.
  • Munim, Z. H., Balasubramaniyan, S., Kouhizadeh, M., & Hossain, N. U. I. (2022). Assessing Blockchain Technology Adoption in the Norwegian Oil and Gas Industry Using Bayesian Best Worst Method. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 28, 100346.
  • Munim, Z. H., Sornn-Friese, H., & Dushenko, M. (2020). Identifying the Appropriate Governance Model for Green Port Management: Applying Analytic Network Process and Best-Worst Methods to Ports in the Indian Ocean Rim. Journal of Cleaner Production, 268, 122156.
  • Muravev, D., & Mijic, N. (2020). A Novel Integrated Provider Selection Multicriteria Model: The BWM-MABAC Model. Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering, 3(1), 60-78.
  • Nawaz, F., Asadabadi, M. R., Janjua, N. K., Hussain, O. K., Chang, E., & Saberi, M. (2018). An MCDM Method for Cloud Service Selection Using a Markov Chain and the Best-Worst Method. Knowledge-Based Systems, 159, 120-131.
  • Nie, R. X., Tian, Z. P., Wang, X. K., Wang, J. Q., & Wang, T. L. (2018). Risk Evaluation by FMEA of Supercritical Water Gasification System Using Multi-Granular Linguistic Distribution Assessment. Knowledge-Based Systems, 162, 185-201.
  • Nyimbili, P. H., & Erden, T. (2021). Comparative Evaluation of GIS-Based Best–Worst Method (BWM) for Emergency Facility Planning: Perspectives from Two Decision-Maker Groups. Natural Hazards, 105, 1031-1067.
  • Omrani, H., Alizadeh, A., & Emrouznejad, A. (2018). Finding the Optimal Combination of Power Plants Alternatives: A Multi Response Taguchi-Neural Network Using TOPSIS and Fuzzy Best-Worst Method. Journal of Cleaner Production, 203, 210-223.
  • Omrani, H., Alizadeh, A., & Naghizadeh, F. (2020). Incorporating Decision Makers’ Preferences into DEA and Common Weight DEA Models Based on the Best–Worst Method (BWM). Soft Computing, 24, 3989-4002.
  • Omrani, H., Alizadeh, A., Emrouznejad, A., & Oveysi, Z. (2023). A Novel Best‐Worst‐Method Two‐Stage Data Envelopment Analysis Model Considering Decision Makers’ Preferences: An Application in Bank Branches Evaluation. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 28(4), 3593-3610.
  • Omrani, H., Valipour, M., & Emrouznejad, A. (2021). A Novel Best Worst Method Robust Data Envelopment Analysis: Incorporating Decision Makers’ Preferences in an Uncertain Environment. Operations Research Perspectives, 8, 100184.
  • Orji, I. J., Kusi-Sarpong, S., & Gupta, H. (2020). The Critical Success Factors of Using Social Media for Supply Chain Social Sustainability in the Freight Logistics Industry. International Journal of Production Research, 58(5), 1522-1539.
  • Otay, I., Onar, S. Ç., Öztayşi, B., & Kahraman, C. (2024). Evaluation of Sustainable Energy Systems in Smart Cities Using a Multi-Expert Pythagorean Fuzzy BWM & TOPSIS Methodology. Expert Systems with Applications, 250, 123874.
  • Paillin, D. B., Machfud, M., Hardjomidjojo, H., Romli, M., & Tupan, J. M. (2024). Supply Chain Risk Assessment Using Best Worst Method: A Case Study of Agroindustry Skipjack Tuna in Ambon-Indonesia. Acta Logistica, 11(3), 361-371.
  • Pamucar, D., & Ćirović, G. (2015). The Selection of Transport and Handling Resources in Logistics Centers Using Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison (MABAC). Expert Systems with Applications, 42(6), 3016-3028.
  • Pamucar, D., & Ecer, F. (2020). Prioritizing the Weights of the Evaluation Criteria under Fuzziness: The Fuzzy Full Consistency Method–FUCOM-F. Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering, 18(3), 419-437.
  • Pamucar, D., Chatterjee, K., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2019). Assessment of Third-Party Logistics Provider Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach Based on Interval Rough Numbers. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 127, 383-407.
  • Pamucar, D., Ecer, F., Cirovic, G., & Arlasheedi, M. A. (2020). Application of Improved Best Worst Method (BWM) in Real-World Problems. Mathematics, 8(8), 1342.
  • Pamucar, D., Gigović, L., Bajić, Z., & Janošević, M. (2017). Location Selection for Wind Farms Using GIS Multi-Criteria Hybrid Model: An Approach Based on Fuzzy and Rough Numbers. Sustainability, 9(8), 1315.
  • Pamucar, D., Petrović, I., & Ćirović, G. (2018). Modification of the Best–Worst and MABAC Methods: A Novel Approach Based on Interval-Valued Fuzzy-Rough Numbers. Expert Systems with Applications, 91, 89-106.
  • Pamucar, D., Puška, A., Stević, Ž., & Ćirović, G. (2021). A New Intelligent MCDM Model for HCW Management: The Integrated BWM–MABAC Model Based on D Numbers. Expert Systems with Applications, 175, 114862.
  • Pamucar, D., Stević, Ž., & Sremac, S. (2018). A New Model for Determining Weight Coefficients of Criteria in MCDM Models: Full Consistency Method (FUCOM). Symmetry, 10(9), 393.
  • Parsa Rad, A., Khalilzadeh, M., Banihashemi, S. A., Božanić, D., Milić, A., & Ćirović, G. (2024). Supplier Selection in Downstream Oil and Gas and Petrochemicals with the Fuzzy BWM and Gray CoCoSo Methods Considering Sustainability Criteria and Uncertainty Conditions. Sustainability, 16(2), 880.
  • Passas, I. (2024). Bibliometric Analysis: The Main Steps. Encyclopedia, 4(2), 1014-1025.
  • Petrović, T., Vesić Vasović, J., Komatina, N., Tadić, D., Klipa, Đ., & Đurić, G. (2022). A Two-Stage Model Based on EFQM, FBWM, and FMOORA for Business Excellence Evaluation in the Process of Manufacturing. Axioms, 11(12), 704.
  • Petrudi, S. H. H., Ghomi, H., & Mazaheriasad, M. (2022). An Integrated Fuzzy Delphi and Best Worst Method (BWM) for Performance Measurement in Higher Education. Decision Analytics Journal, 4, 100121.
  • Peykani, P., Emrouznejad, A., Mohammadi, E., & Gheidar-Kheljani, J. (2024). A Novel Robust Network Data Envelopment Analysis Approach for Performance Assessment of Mutual Funds under Uncertainty. Annals of Operations Research, 339(3), 1149-1175.
  • Peykani, P., Farzipoor Saen, R., Seyed Esmaeili, F. S., & Gheidar‐Kheljani, J. (2021). Window Data Envelopment Analysis Approach: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Expert Systems, 38(7), e12721.
  • Peykani, P., Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F., Sadjadi, S. J., Ebrahimnejad, A., & Mohammadi, E. (2022). Fuzzy Chance-Constrained Data Envelopment Analysis: A Structured Literature Review, Current Trends, and Future Directions. Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making, 21(2), 197–261.
  • Peykani, P., Mahmoodirad, A., & Amirteimoori, A. (2025). A Novel Adjustable Intuitionistic Fuzzy Framework for Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis: An Application in the Banking Sector. Information Sciences, 718, 122372.
  • Peykani, P., Mohammadi, E., & Emrouznejad, A. (2021). An Adjustable Fuzzy Chance-Constrained Network DEA Approach with Application to Ranking Investment Firms. Expert Systems with Applications, 166, 113938.
  • Peykani, P., Mohammadi, E., Emrouznejad, A., Pishvaee, M. S., & Rostamy-Malkhalifeh, M. (2019). Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis: An Adjustable Approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 136, 439-452.
  • Peykani, P., Mohammadi, E., Farzipoor Saen, R., Sadjadi, S. J., & Rostamy‐Malkhalifeh, M. (2020). Data Envelopment Analysis and Robust Optimization: A Review. Expert Systems, 37(4), e12534.
  • Peykani, P., Seyed Esmaeili, F. S., Pishvaee, M. S., Rostamy-Malkhalifeh, M., & Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F. (2024). Matrix-Based Network Data Envelopment Analysis: A Common Set of Weights Approach. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 95, 102044.
  • Pishdar, M., Ghasemzadeh, F., & Antuchevičienė, J. (2019). A Mixed Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Best-Worst MACBETH Approach to Choose Hub Airport in Developing Countries: Case of Iranian Passenger Airports. Transport, 34(6), 639-651.
  • Pour, M. J., Mesrabadi, J., & Hosseinzadeh, M. (2020). A Comprehensive Framework to Rank Cloud-Based E-Learning Providers Using Best-Worst Method (BWM) A Multidimensional Perspective. Online Information Review, 44(1), 114-138.
  • Rafieyan, E., Khorsand, R., & Ramezanpour, M. (2020). An Adaptive Scheduling Approach Based on Integrated Best-Worst and VIKOR for Cloud Computing. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 140, 106272.
  • Rahimi, S., Hafezalkotob, A., Monavari, S. M., Hafezalkotob, A., & Rahimi, R. (2020). Sustainable Landfill Site Selection for Municipal Solid Waste Based on a Hybrid Decision-Making Approach: Fuzzy Group BWM-MULTIMOORA-GIS. Journal of Cleaner Production, 248, 119186.
  • Rahmati, S., & Darestani, S. A. (2022). Performance Evaluation of Insurance Sector Using Balanced Scorecard and Hybrid BWM-TOPSIS: Evidence from Iran. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, 36(3), 382-402.
  • Ramezanali, A. K., Feizi, F., Jafarirad, A., & Lotfi, M. (2020). Application of Best-Worst Method and Additive Ratio Assessment in Mineral Prospectivity Mapping: A Case Study of Vein-Type Copper Mineralization in the Kuhsiah-e-Urmak Area, Iran. Ore Geology Reviews, 117, 103268.
  • Razavian, B., Fayyaz, M., Ghasemi, P., Ozkul, S., & Tirkolaee, E. B. (2024). Addressing Barriers to Big Data Implementation in Sustainable Smart Cities: Improved Zero-Sum Grey Game and Grey Best-Worst Method. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 9(4), 100593.
  • Ren, J., Liang, H., & Chan, F. T. (2017). Urban Sewage Sludge, Sustainability, and Transition for Eco-City: Multi-Criteria Sustainability Assessment of Technologies Based on Best-Worst method. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 116, 29-39.
  • Rezaei, J. (2015). Best-Worst Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method. Omega, 53, 49-57.
  • Rezaei, J. (2016). Best-Worst Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method: Some Properties and a Linear Model. Omega, 64, 126-130.
  • Rezaei, J. (2020). A Concentration Ratio for Nonlinear Best Worst Method. International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making, 19(03), 891-907.
  • Rezaei, J., Kothadiya, O., Tavasszy, L., & Kroesen, M. (2018). Quality Assessment of Airline Baggage Handling Systems Using SERVQUAL and BWM. Tourism Management, 66, 85-93.
  • Rezaei, J., Nispeling, T., Sarkis, J., & Tavasszy, L. (2016). A Supplier Selection Life Cycle Approach Integrating Traditional and Environmental Criteria Using the Best Worst Method. Journal of Cleaner Production, 135, 577-588.
  • Rezaei, J., Van Roekel, W. S., & Tavasszy, L. (2018). Measuring the Relative Importance of the Logistics Performance Index Indicators Using Best Worst Method. Transport Policy, 68, 158-169.
  • Rezaei, J., Wang, J., & Tavasszy, L. (2015). Linking Supplier Development to Supplier Segmentation Using Best Worst Method. Expert Systems with Applications, 42(23), 9152-9164.
  • Riahi, S., Bahroudi, A., Abedi, M., Lentz, D. R., & Aslani, S. (2023). Application of Data-Driven Multi-Index Overlay and BWM-MOORA MCDM Methods in Mineral Prospectivity Mapping of Porphyry Cu Mineralization. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 213, 105025.
  • Saaty, T. L. (1977). A Scaling Method for Priorities in Hierarchical Structures. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 15(3), 234-281.
  • Saaty, T. L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 41(11), 1073-1076.
  • Saaty, T. L. (1986). Axiomatic Foundation of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Management Science, 32(7), 841-855.
  • Saaty, T. L. (1990). How to Make a Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process. European Journal of Operational Research, 48(1), 9-26.
  • Saaty, T. L. (1994). How to Make a Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process. Interfaces, 24(6), 19-43.
  • Sadjadi, S., & Karimi, M. (2018). Best-Worst Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method: A Robust Approach. Decision Science Letters, 7(4), 323-340.
  • Safarzadeh, S., Khansefid, S., & Rasti-Barzoki, M. (2018). A Group Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Based on Best-Worst Method. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 126, 111-121.
  • Sahebi, I. G., Masoomi, B., & Ghorbani, S. (2020). Expert Oriented Approach for analyzing the Blockchain Adoption Barriers in Humanitarian Supply Chain. Technology in Society, 63, 101427.
  • Şahin, M. (2021). A Comprehensive Analysis of Weighting and Multicriteria Methods in the Context of Sustainable Energy. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 18(6), 1591-1616.
  • Salimi, N., & Rezaei, J. (2018). Evaluating Firms’ R&D Performance Using Best Worst Method. Evaluation and Program Planning, 66, 147-155.
  • Seyfi-Shishavan, S. A., Gündoğdu, F. K., & Farrokhizadeh, E. (2021). An Assessment of the Banking Industry Performance Based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Best-Worst Method and Fuzzy Inference System. Applied Soft Computing, 113, 107990.
  • Shahrabi-Farahani, S., Hafezalkotob, A., Mohammaditabar, D., & Khalili-Damghani, K. (2024). Selection of Sustainable Industrial Livestock Site Using the R-Number GIS-MCDM Method: A Case Study of Iran. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 22, 100362.
  • Shang, Z., Yang, X., Barnes, D., & Wu, C. (2022). Supplier Selection in Sustainable Supply Chains: Using the Integrated BWM, Fuzzy Shannon Entropy, and Fuzzy MULTIMOORA Methods. Expert Systems with Applications, 195, 116567.
  • Shardeo, V., Patil, A., Dwivedi, A., & Madaan, J. (2022). Investigating the Transport Flexibility Measures for Freight Transportation: A Fuzzy Best-Worst Method Approach. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 43(2), 268-295.
  • Shi, Q., Hu, Y., & Yan, G. (2023). A Novel FMEA Approach Based on Probabilistic Linguistic Best-Worst Method and TOPSIS with Application to Marine Diesel Fuel Injection System. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 45(3), 3835-3854.
  • Shieh, J. I., Wu, H. H., & Huang, K. K. (2010). A DEMATEL Method in Identifying Key Success Factors of Hospital Service Quality. Knowledge-Based Systems, 23(3), 277-282.
  • Shojaei, P., Haeri, S. A. S., & Mohammadi, S. (2018). Airports Evaluation and Ranking Model Using Taguchi Loss Function, Best-Worst Method and VIKOR Technique. Journal of Air Transport Management, 68, 4-13.
  • Si, S. L., You, X. Y., Liu, H. C., & Zhang, P. (2018). DEMATEL Technique: A Systematic Review of the State‐of‐the‐Art Literature on Methodologies and Applications. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2018(1), 3696457.
  • Singh, M., Rathi, R., & Garza-Reyes, J. A. (2021). Analysis and Prioritization of Lean Six Sigma Enablers with Environmental Facets Using Best Worst Method: A Case of Indian MSMEs. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, 123592.
  • Singh, R., Pathak, V. K., Kumar, R., Dikshit, M., Aherwar, A., Singh, V., & Singh, T. (2024). A Historical Review and Analysis on MOORA and Its Fuzzy Extensions for Different Applications. Heliyon, 10(3), e25453.
  • Sipahi, S., & Timor, M. (2010). The Analytic Hierarchy Process and Analytic Network Process: An Overview of Applications. Management Decision, 48(5), 775-808.
  • Sofuoğlu, M. A. (2020). Fuzzy Applications of Best–Worst Method in Manufacturing Environment. Soft Computing, 24(1), 647-659.
  • Soner, O., Celik, E., & Akyuz, E. (2022). A Fuzzy Best–Worst Method (BWM) to Assess the Potential Environmental Impacts of the Process of Ship Recycling. Maritime Policy & Management, 49(3), 396-409.
  • Stević, Ž., Pamucar, D., Kazimieras Zavadskas, E., Ćirović, G., & Prentkovskis, O. (2017). The Selection of Wagons for the Internal Transport of a Logistics Company: A Novel Approach Based on Rough BWM and Rough SAW Methods. Symmetry, 9(11), 264.
  • Stević, Ž., Pamučar, D., Subotić, M., Antuchevičiene, J., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2018). The Location Selection for Roundabout Construction Using Rough BWM-Rough WASPAS Approach Based on a New Rough Hamy Aggregator. Sustainability, 10(8), 2817.
  • Stewart, T. J. (1992). A Critical Survey on the Status of Multiple Criteria Decision Making Theory and Practice. Omega, 20(5-6), 569-586.
  • Streimikis, J., Bathaei, A., & Štreimikienė, D. (2024). Sustainability Assessment of the Agriculture Sector Using Best Worst Method: Case Study of Baltic States. Sustainable Development, 32(5), 5611-5626.
  • Swain, R. R., Mishra, S., & Mahapatra, S. S. (2024). An Integrated BWM–SWARA Approach to Identify Barriers in Implementing Reverse Logistics for an Effective Supply Chain Management: A Critical Study of Five Bottle Manufacturing Companies in Odisha (India). International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 15(9), 4495-4511.
  • Tadić, S., Kalem, A., Krstić, M., Čabrić, N., Medić, A., & Veljović, M. (2025). Benchmarking Analysis of Railway Infrastructure Managers: A Hybrid Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Grey Best–Worst Method (G-BWM), and Assurance Region Data Envelopment Analysis (AR-DEA) Model. Mathematics, 13(5), 830.
  • Taghipour, A., Fooladvand, A., Khazaei, M., & Ramezani, M. (2023). Criteria Clustering and Supplier Segmentation Based on Sustainable Shared Value Using BWM and PROMETHEE. Sustainability, 15(11), 8670.
  • Taherdoost, H., & Madanchian, M. (2023). Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Methods and Concepts. Encyclopedia, 3(1), 77-87.
  • Taherdoost, H., & Madanchian, M. (2024). A Comprehensive Survey and Literature Review on TOPSIS. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 15(1), 1-65.
  • Talib, F., Asjad, M., Attri, R., Siddiquee, A. N., & Khan, Z. A. (2019). Ranking Model of Total Quality Management Enablers in Healthcare Establishments Using the Best-Worst Method. The TQM Journal, 31(5), 790-814.
  • Tandon, S., Kumar, V., & Singh, V. B. (2022). Empirical Evaluation of Code Smells in Open-Source Software (OSS) Using Best Worst Method (BWM) and TOPSIS Approach. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 39(3), 815-835.
  • Tang, J., Liu, X., & Wang, W. (2021). A Hybrid Risk Prioritization Method Based on Generalized TODIM and BWM for Fine-Kinney under Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Environment. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 27(4), 954-979.
  • Tanino, T., Tanaka, T., Inuiguchi, M., & Tzeng, G. H. (2003). Multiple Objective Decision Making in Past, Present, and Future. Multi-Objective Programming and Goal Programming: Theory and Applications, 65-76. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Tarei, P. K., Chand, P., & Gupta, H. (2021). Barriers to the Adoption of Electric Vehicles: Evidence from India. Journal of Cleaner Production, 291, 125847.
  • Tavana, M., Mina, H., & Santos-Arteaga, F. J. (2023). A General Best-Worst Method Considering Interdependency with Application to Innovation and Technology Assessment at NASA. Journal of Business Research, 154, 113272.
  • Tavana, M., Sorooshian, S., Rezaei, H., & Mina, H. (2024). A Novel Fuzzy Scenario-Based Stochastic General Best-Worst Method. Expert Systems with Applications, 252, 124246.
  • Thakkar, J. J. (2021). Multi-Criteria Decision Making. Springer Singapore.
  • Thompson, E. A., Alimo, P. K., Abudu, R., & Lu, P. (2024). Towards Sustainable Freight Transportation in Africa: Complementarity of the Fuzzy Delphi and Best-Worst Methods. Sustainable Futures, 8, 100371.
  • Tian, Z. P., Wang, J. Q., & Zhang, H. Y. (2018). An Integrated Approach for Failure Mode and Effects Analysis Based on Fuzzy Best-Worst, Relative Entropy, and VIKOR Methods. Applied Soft Computing, 72, 636-646.
  • Tian, Z. P., Wang, J. Q., Wang, J., & Zhang, H. Y. (2018). A Multi-Phase QFD-Based Hybrid Fuzzy MCDM Approach for Performance Evaluation: A Case of Smart Bike-Sharing Programs in Changsha. Journal of Cleaner Production, 171, 1068-1083.
  • Torabi, S. A., Giahi, R., & Sahebjamnia, N. (2016). An Enhanced Risk Assessment Framework for Business Continuity Management Systems. Safety Science, 89, 201-218.
  • Torkayesh, A. E., Malmir, B., & Asadabadi, M. R. (2021). Sustainable Waste Disposal Technology Selection: The Stratified Best-Worst Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method. Waste Management, 122, 100-112.
  • Torkayesh, A. E., Pamucar, D., Ecer, F., & Chatterjee, P. (2021). An Integrated BWM-LBWA-CoCoSo Framework for Evaluation of Healthcare Sectors in Eastern Europe. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 78, 101052.
  • Torkayesh, A. E., Zolfani, S. H., Kahvand, M., & Khazaelpour, P. (2021). Landfill Location Selection for Healthcare Waste of Urban Areas Using Hybrid BWM-Grey MARCOS Model Based on GIS. Sustainable Cities and Society, 67, 102712.
  • Trivedi, P., Shah, J., Čep, R., Abualigah, L., & Kalita, K. (2024). A Hybrid Best-Worst Method (BWM)–Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) Approach for Prioritizing Road Safety Improvements. IEEE Access, 12, 30054-30065.
  • Tu, J., Wu, Z., & Pedrycz, W. (2023). Priority Ranking for the Best-Worst Method. Information Sciences, 635, 42-55.
  • Tzeng, G. H., & Huang, J. J. (2011). Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications. CRC Press.
  • Vafadarnikjoo, A., Tavana, M., Botelho, T., & Chalvatzis, K. (2020). A Neutrosophic Enhanced Best–Worst Method for Considering Decision-Makers’ Confidence in the Best and Worst Criteria. Annals of Operations Research, 289(2), 391-418.
  • Vahidi, F., Torabi, S. A., & Ramezankhani, M. J. (2018). Sustainable Supplier Selection and Order Allocation under Operational and Disruption Risks. Journal of Cleaner Production, 174, 1351-1365.
  • Vaidya, O. S., & Kumar, S. (2006). Analytic Hierarchy Process: An Overview of Applications. European Journal of Operational Research, 169(1), 1-29.
  • Van De Kaa, G., Kamp, L., & Rezaei, J. (2017). Selection of Biomass Thermochemical Conversion Technology in the Netherlands: A Best Worst Method Approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 166, 32-39.
  • Vargas, L. G. (1990). An Overview of the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Its Applications. European Journal of Operational Research, 48(1), 2-8.
  • Vieira, F. C., Ferreira, F. A., Govindan, K., Ferreira, N. C., & Banaitis, A. (2022). Measuring Urban Digitalization Using Cognitive Mapping and the Best Worst Method (BWM). Technology in Society, 71, 102131.
  • Wan, S. P., Dong, J. Y., & Chen, S. M. (2024). A novel Intuitionistic Fuzzy Best-Worst Method for Group Decision Making with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Preference Relations. Information Sciences, 666, 120404.
  • Wang, W. Y., Yang, Y. C., & Lin, C. Y. (2022). Integrating the BWM and TOPSIS Algorithm to Evaluate the Optimal Token Exchanges Platform in Taiwan. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 28(2), 358-380.
  • Wankhede, V. A., & Vinodh, S. (2021). Analysis of Industry 4.0 Challenges Using Best Worst Method: A Case Study. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 159, 107487.
  • Wei, D., Meng, D., Rong, Y., Liu, Y., Garg, H., & Pamucar, D. (2022). Fermatean Fuzzy Schweizer–Sklar Operators and BWM-Entropy-Based Combined Compromise Solution Approach: An Application to Green Supplier Selection. Entropy, 24(6), 776.
  • Wiecek, M. M., Ehrgott, M., Fadel, G., & Figueira, J. R. (2008). Multiple Criteria Decision Making for Engineering. Omega, 36(3), 337-340.
  • Wu, J., Liu, C., Wu, Y., Cao, M., & Liu, Y. (2022). A Novel Hotel Selection Decision Support Model Based on the Online Reviews from Opinion Leaders by Best Worst Method. International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, 15(1), 19.
  • Wu, Q., Liu, X., Zhou, L., Qin, J., & Rezaei, J. (2024). An Analytical Framework for the Best–Worst Method. Omega, 123, 102974.
  • Wu, Q., Zhou, L., Chen, Y., & Chen, H. (2019). An Integrated Approach to Green Supplier Selection Based on the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Best-Worst and Extended VIKOR Methods. Information Sciences, 502, 394-417.
  • Xiong, L., Zhong, S., Liu, S., Zhang, X., & Li, Y. (2020). An Approach for Resilient‐Green Supplier Selection Based on WASPAS, BWM, and TOPSIS under Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2020(1), 1761893.
  • Xu, D., Li, W., Ren, X., Shen, W., & Dong, L. (2020). Technology Selection for Sustainable Hydrogen Production: A Multi-Criteria Assessment Framework under Uncertainties Based on the Combined Weights and Interval Best-Worst Projection Method. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45(59), 34396-34411.
  • Yadav, A., Sachdeva, A., Garg, R. K., Qureshi, K. M., Mewada, B. G., Qureshi, M. R. N. M., & Mansour, M. (2024). Achieving Net-Zero in the Manufacturing Supply Chain through Carbon Capture and LCA: A Comprehensive Framework with BWM-Fuzzy DEMATEL. Sustainability, 16(16), 6972.
  • Yadav, G., Kumar, A., Luthra, S., Garza-Reyes, J. A., Kumar, V., & Batista, L. (2020). A Framework to Achieve Sustainability in Manufacturing Organisations of Developing Economies Using Industry 4.0 Technologies’ Enablers. Computers in Industry, 122, 103280.
  • Yadav, G., Luthra, S., Jakhar, S. K., Mangla, S. K., & Rai, D. P. (2020). A Framework to Overcome Sustainable Supply Chain Challenges through Solution Measures of Industry 4.0 and Circular Economy: An Automotive Case. Journal of Cleaner Production, 254, 120112.
  • Yadav, G., Mangla, S. K., Luthra, S., & Jakhar, S. (2018). Hybrid BWM-ELECTRE-Based Decision Framework for Effective Offshore Outsourcing Adoption: A Case Study. International Journal of Production Research, 56(18), 6259-6278.
  • Yadav, G., Mangla, S. K., Luthra, S., & Rai, D. P. (2019). Developing a Sustainable Smart City Framework for Developing Economies: An Indian Context. Sustainable Cities and Society, 47, 101462.
  • Yadollahi, S., Kazemi, A., & Ranjbarian, B. (2018). Identifying and Prioritizing the Factors of Service Experience in Banks: A Best-Worst Method. Decision Science Letters, 7(4), 455-464.
  • Yang, Y. C., Shieh, W. S., & Lin, C. Y. (2023). Applying the Fuzzy BWM to Determine the Cryptocurrency Trading System under Uncertain Decision Process. Axioms, 12(2), 209.
  • Yash, D., & Rajesh, R. (2025). Risk Analysis of Electrical Power Grids in India Using Best-Worst Method and Grey Causal Modelling. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 32(3), 838-861.
  • Yazdani, M., & Graeml, F. R. (2014). VIKOR and Its Applications: A State-of-the-Art Survey. International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences, 5(2), 56-83.
  • Yazdani, M., Wen, Z., Liao, H., Banaitis, A., & Turskis, Z. (2019). A Grey Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo-G) Method for Supplier Selection in Construction Management. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 25(8), 858-874.
  • Yazdi, A. K., Mehdiabadi, A., Hanne, T., Sarfaraz, A. H., & Yazdian, F. T. (2022). Evaluating the Performance of Oil and Gas Companies by an Extended Balanced Scorecard and the Hesitant Fuzzy Best‐Worst Method. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2022(1), 1019779.
  • Yazdi, M., Khan, F., Abbassi, R., & Rusli, R. (2020). Improved DEMATEL Methodology for Effective Safety Management Decision-Making. Safety Science, 127, 104705.
  • You, P., Guo, S., Zhao, H., & Zhao, H. (2017). Operation Performance Evaluation of Power Grid Enterprise Using a Hybrid BWM-TOPSIS Method. Sustainability, 9(12), 2329.
  • You, X., Chen, T., & Yang, Q. (2016). Approach to Multi-Criteria Group Decision-Making Problems Based on the Best-Worst-Method and ELECTRE Method. Symmetry, 8(9), 95.
  • Yousefi-Babadi, A., Bozorgi-Amiri, A., & Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, R. (2022). Sustainable Facility Relocation in Agriculture Systems Using the GIS and Best–Worst Method. Kybernetes, 51(7), 2343-2382.
  • Yu, P. L. (2013). Multiple-Criteria Decision Making: Concepts, Techniques, and Extensions. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Yu, Y., & Khezrimotlagh, D. (2024). Embedding Best-Worst Method into Data Envelopment Analysis. Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research, 41(01), 2350010.
  • Yucesan, M., & Gul, M. (2021). Failure Prioritization and Control Using the Neutrosophic Best and Worst Method. Granular Computing, 6, 435-449.
  • Yucesan, M., Özkan, B., Mete, S., Gul, M., & Özceylan, E. (2024). Evaluating Sustainability of Urban Mobility of Asian Cities: An Integrated Approach of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Best-Worst Method and MULTIMOORA. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 127, 107266.
  • Zahedi Khameneh, A., & Kılıçman, A. (2019). Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Based on Soft Set Theory: A Systematic Review. Soft Computing, 23, 6899-6920.
  • Zavadskas, E. K., & Turskis, Z. (2010). A New Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) Method in Multicriteria Decision‐Making. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 16(2), 159-172.
  • Zavadskas, E. K., & Turskis, Z. (2011). Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Methods in Economics: An Overview. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 17(2), 397-427.
  • Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., & Kildienė, S. (2014). State of Art Surveys of Overviews on MCDM/MADM Methods. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 20(1), 165-179.
  • Zhang, C., Hu, Z., Qin, Y., & Song, W. (2023). Performance Evaluation of Technological Service Platform: A Rough Z-Number-Based BWM-TODIM Method. Expert Systems with Applications, 230, 120665.
  • Zhao, H., Guo, S., & Zhao, H. (2019). Comprehensive Assessment for Battery Energy Storage Systems Based on Fuzzy-MCDM Considering Risk Preferences. Energy, 168, 450-461.
  • Zhou, J., Wu, Y., Wu, C., He, F., Zhang, B., & Liu, F. (2020). A Geographical Information System Based Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Location Analysis and Evaluation of Urban Photovoltaic Charging Station: A Case Study in Beijing. Energy Conversion and Management, 205, 112340.
  • Zopounidis, C., Galariotis, E., Doumpos, M., Sarri, S., & Andriosopoulos, K. (2015). Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding for Finance: An Updated Bibliographic Survey. European Journal of Operational Research, 247(2), 339-348.
  • Zyoud, S. H., & Fuchs-Hanusch, D. (2017). A Bibliometric-Based Survey on AHP and TOPSIS Techniques. Expert Systems with Applications, 78, 158-181.
  • Zyoud, S. H., & Fuchs-Hanusch, D. (2017). A Bibliometric-Based Survey on AHP and TOPSIS Techniques. Expert Systems with Applications, 78, 158-181.